Short answer
Critically discuss means: explain the issue, weigh competing positions, test the strength of the evidence, and reach a reasoned judgement.
It does not mean: describe everything you know about the topic.
What markers usually expect
- A clear stance or provisional answer
- At least two credible perspectives
- Evaluation criteria (validity, scope, bias, applicability)
- A conclusion that chooses or synthesises — with reasons
A simple paragraph plan
1. State one position and its best evidence.
2. State a challenge or alternative.
3. Judge which is stronger for this question.
4. Link back to your thesis.
Common failure mode
Students summarise theory for 80% of the essay, then add “In conclusion, there are pros and cons.” That is description, not critical discussion.
Next step
If your brief uses critically discuss, evaluate, or assess, check the draft against the question before you submit.